Physiological dead space or physiological shunts, arise from a functional impairment of the lung or arteries. What is a physiological dead space and what could be its cause?
The respiratory zone is comprised of respiratory bronchioles, alveolar duct, alveolar sac, and alveoli. Physiologic or total dead space is equal to anatomic plus alveolar dead space which is the volume of air in the respiratory zone that does not take part in gas exchange. Meanwhile, physiological dead space is the sum of all parts of the tidal volume that does not participate in gas exchange. What is the Difference Between Anatomical and Physiological Dead Space? Anatomical dead space is the air-filled in conducting airways and does not participate in gas exchange. What is the difference between physiological dead space and anatomical dead space? In these spaces, the lungs are ventilated and receiving enough air, but blood is not being oxygenated in that space because the air is not reaching perfused areas. Physiological dead space can be thought of as areas of the lung that are well ventilated but poorly perfused hence, much of the ventilation to those areas is “wasted.” That is, the well-ventilated areas add little to gas exchange for lack of adequate perfusion.Īnatomical dead space occurs naturally in areas of the lungs that don’t come in contact with alveoli (like the trachea). Thus, assuming a normal tidal volume of 500 ml, about 30% of this air is “wasted” in the sense What is physiologic dead space. The anatomic dead space fills with inspired air at the end of each inspiration, but this air is exhaled unchanged.
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